Page numbers followed by t indicate tables.
Abacavir/cobicistat, 64t
Abciximab, 135
Acarbose, 250
Acetaminophen, 191t, 192–193
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 276
Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) workgroup, 7
Acute kidney injury (AKI), 2, 7–8, 7t
critical care for special populations with, 219–229, 220–221t
in pediatric patients, 206–207, 207t
Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN), 7
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN), 8
Acyclovir, 67–68, 75t
in pediatric patients, 215
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 270
Aldosterone antagonists, 146t
Aldosterone receptor antagonists, 103–104
Alirocumab, 149t
Aliskiren direct renin inhibitor, 106
Alkylating agents, 157–158
Alogliptin, 251
Alpha blockers, 106–107, 147t
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, 250
Ambrisentan, 136
Amikacin, 15–17, 43t
Amiloride, 103
Aminoglycosides, 15–17
Amiodarone, 122
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 266
Amitriptyline, 276
Amlodipine, 107
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 276
Amoxicillin, 18, 44t
Amoxicillin/clavulanate, 18, 44t
Amphotericin B, 53–54, 56t
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 270
Ampicillin, 17–18, 43t
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 268
Ampicillin/sulbactam, 17–18, 44t
Amylin analogue, 250
Analgesia in critical care for special populations, 219–223, 220–221t
multimodal, 195–197
in pediatric patients, 214–215
Anemia, 1, 256–258, 257t, 258t
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), 104–105, 146t
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), 105–106, 146–147t
Anidulafungin, 51–52, 55t
Antiarrhythmic agents, 120–124, 149t
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 266–268, 282t
Antibacterial agents, 15–42, 43–48t
aminoglycosides, 15–17
carbapenems, 25–27
cephalosporins, 19–24
cyclic lipopeptide, 32–33
fluoroquinolones, 33–36
folate antagonists, 37–38
fosfomycin tromethamine, 40–41
lipoglycopeptides, 30–32
macrolides, 36–37
miscellaneous, 40–42
monobactam, 27–30
nitrofurantoin, 41–42
in pediatric patients, 215
penicillins, 17–19
polymyxin derivatives, 38–40
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 268–270, 282–283t
Antibiotics. seeAntibacterial agents
Anticoagulants, 124–135, 149t
antiplatelet agents, 133–134
direct thrombin inhibitors, 130–132, 131t, 132t
factor Xa inhibitors, 126–130, 127t
glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitors, 135
P2Y12 inhibitors, 134–135
in pediatric patients, 214
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 271–272, 283t
unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparins, 124–126, 126t
vitamin K antagonist, 133
Antidepressants, 172–176, 182–183t, 182t
Antiepileptic agents, 87–99
brivaracetam, 87
carbamazepine, 88
clobazam, 88–89
eslicarbazepine, 89
ethosuximide, 89
felbamate, 89–90
lacosamide, 90
lamotrigine, 90
levetiracetam, 90–91
oxycarbazepine, 91
for pain management, 196
perampanel, 91
phenobarbital, 91–92
phenytoin, 92
primidone, 92–93
renal toxicities induced by, 88t
rufinamide, 93
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 272–273, 284t
tiagabine, 93
topiramate, 93
valproic acid, 94
vigabatrin, 94
zonisamide, 94–95
Antifungal agents, 49–54, 55–56t
amphotericin B, 53–54
echinocandins, 51–52
triazoles, 49–51
Antihypertensives, 146t
Anti-infective agents, 15–74
antibacterial, 15–42, 43–48t, 268–270
antifungal agents, 49–54, 55–56t
antiretroviral agents, 56–62, 63–64t
antiviral agents, 67–73, 75–76t
defined, 15
hepatic-focused antiviral agents, 65–67, 67t
in pediatric patients, 215
in special populations, 242
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 268–271, 282–283t
Antimetabolites, 158–160, 232–236, 234–235t
Antimicrobials in pediatric patients, 215
Antiplatelet agents, 133–134, 150t
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 271–272, 283t
Antipsychotics, 178–179, 184–185t
Antiretroviral agents, 56–62, 63–64t
atazanavir, 60
cobicistat, 58–59
dolutegravir, 62
emtricitabine, 56–57
lamivudine, 60–61
rilpivirine, 58
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, 57–58
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine/elvitegravir/cobicistat, 59–60
zidovudine, 61–62
Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) therapy, 230
Antiviral agents, 67–73, 75–76t
acyclovir, 67–68
famciclovir, 69
foscarnet, 71–72
ganciclovir, 69–70
oseltamivir, 72–73
peramivir, 73
valacyclovir, 68–69
valganciclovir, 70–71
Anxiolytics, 176–177, 183–184t
Apheresis, 265, 278 see also Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE)
Apixaban, 126–127
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 271
Argatroban, 130
Aripiprazole, 178–179
Asenapine, 178–179
Aspirin, 133–134
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 271
Atazanavir, 60, 63t
Axitinib, 165t
Azacitidin, 163
Azacitidine, 162t
Azathioprine, 232–233
Aztreonam, 27–28, 46t
Baclofen, 191t, 196
Basiliximab, 230
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 275
Bedside Schwartz equation, 203
Belatacept, 239
Bendamustine, 158, 162t
Benzodiazepines, 176–177
in special populations, 224–225
Beta blockers, 110–111, 147t
Betrixaban, 128
Biguanides, 250–251
Bile acid sequestrants/bile acid-binding resins, 120, 148t
Bivalirudin, 130–131, 131t
Bleomycin, 161–163, 162t
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 9
Bortezomib, 241
Bosentan, 136
Bosutinib, 165t
Brigatinib, 165t
Brivaracetam, 87, 98t
Buprenorphine, 191t, 194
Bupropion, 172, 174
Buspirone, 177
Butorphanol, 191t, 194
Cabozantinib, 165t
Cabozatinib, 165t
Calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA), 197
Calcineurin inhibitors, 230–232
Calcium channel blockers (CCBs), 107–109, 147t
Capecitabine, 159–160, 162t
Capsaicin, 196
Carbamazepine, 88, 98t, 180–181
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 272
Carbapenems, 25–27
Carboplatin, 155–156
Cardiovascular disease medications, 101–151
aldosterone receptor antagonists, 103–104
aliskiren direct renin inhibitor, 106
alpha blockers, 106–107
angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, 104–105
angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), 105–106
antiarrhythmic agents, 120–124
anticoagulants, 124–135
beta blockers, 110–111
calcium channel blockers, 107–109
inotropic agents, 113–115, 114t
lipid-lowering agents, 117–120
loop diuretics, 102
miscellaneous agents, 115–117
potassium-sparing diuretics, 103
pulmonary arterial hypertensive agents, 135–137
thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics, 101–102
vasodilators, 111–113
Carvedilol, 266
Caspofungin, 51–52, 56t
Cefazolin, 20, 44t
in pediatric patients, 215
Cefdinir, 21, 45t
Cefepime, 22–23, 45t
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 268
Cefotaxime, 21–22
Cefpodoxime, 45t
Cefpodoxime proxetil, 21
Ceftaroline, 45t
Ceftaroline fosamil, 23
Ceftazidime, 22, 45t
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 268
Ceftazidime/avibactam, 24, 45t
Ceftolozane/tazobactam, 24, 45t
Ceftriaxone, 268–269
Cefuroxime axetil, 21, 45t
Cefuroxime sodium, 21, 44t
Cephalexin, 20, 44t
Cephalosporins, 19–24
Ceritinib, 165t
Chemotherapy agents, 153–166, 167–168t
alkylating, 157–158
antimetabolites, 158–160
hypomethylating, 163
immunotherapy, 166
maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in, 153
miscellaneous cytotoxic agents, 161–163, 162t
monoclonal antibodies, 163–164
oral kinase inhibitors, 164, 165–166t
platinum containing agents, 155–157
selection of and intent of therapy with, 154
supportive therapy for, 166, 167–168t
therapeutic considerations in oncology and, 153–154
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 274–275, 284t
topoisomerase inhibitors, 160–161
CHEST Guideline for Antithrombotic Therapy for Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Disease, 124
Cholesterol absorption inhibitor, 119, 148t
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) anemia and, 256–258, 257t, 258t
diabetes mellitus (DM) and, 249–256, 252–253t
differential diagnosis between psychiatric illness and, 172
effect of psychiatric illness on, 172
mineral and bone disorder associated with, 258–261, 260t
overview of, 5–7, 6t
pain with, 189–190
in pediatric patients, 207–208
prevalence of, 1
Chronic kidney disease-epidemiology collaborative (CKD-EPI), 4–5
Ciprofloxacin, 33–34, 47t
Cirrhosis, 5
Cisatracurium, 221t, 227
Cisplatin, 155, 162t
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 274
Clarithromycin, 36–37, 47t
Class 1A antiarrhythmic agents, 120–121, 149t
Class 1B antiarrhythmic agents, 121, 149t
Class 1C antiarrhythmic agents, 121–122, 149t
Class III antiarrhythmic agents, 122–124, 149t
Clevidipine, 107
Clobazam, 88–89, 98t
Clonidine, 117
Clopidogrel, 134
Clozapine, 179
Cobicistat, 58–59, 63t
Cockcroft-Gault (CG) formula, 3
Colistin, 38–40, 48t
Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), 8–9, 10
in pediatric patients, 208–211
Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF), 9
Continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD), 9
Continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH), 9
Corticosteroids, 238–239
Creatinine clearance (CrCl), 1
Cockcroft-Gault (CG) formula and, 3
Critical care for special populations, 219–229, 220–221t
analgesic medications in, 219–223, 220–221t
Crizotinib, 165t
Cyclic lipopeptide, 32–33
Cyclophosphamide, 157, 162t
Cyclosporine, 230–232
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 275
Cystatin C, 3
in pediatric patients, 202
Cytochrome P450 activity, 7
Dabigatran etexilate mesylate, 131–132, 132t
Dabrafenib, 165t
Dacarbazine, 158, 162t
Dalbavancin, 31, 47t
Dalteparin, 125
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 271
Dantrolene, 196–197
Dapsone, 270
Daptomycin, 32–33, 47t
Darunavir/cobicistat, 64t
Dasatinib, 165t
Daunorubicin, 161, 162t
Decitabine, 163
Deferasirox, 276
Delafloxacin, 35–36, 47t
Denosumab, 164
Dexmedetomidine, 221t, 226
Dextromethorphan, 194
Diabetes mellitus (DM), 1
general approach to, 249–250
medication management of, 250–256, 252–253t
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), 172
Dialysis headache, 197
Dialyzers, 10
Diazepam, 197, 224
in special populations, 221t
Diclofenac, 192
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 276
Diet modifications in renal disease, 3–4
Digoxin, 266–267
Dihydropyridine (DHP) CCBs, 107–109, 147t
Diltiazem, 109
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, 251, 253
Direct renin inhibitor, 147t
Direct thrombin inhibitors, 130–132, 131t, 132t, 150t
Disopyramide, 120–121
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 267
Diuretics, 146t
Divalproex, 180–181
Dobutamine, 114–115
Dofetilide, 122–123
Dolutegravir, 62, 63t
Doripenem, 25–26, 46t
Dosing in dialysis, 10
in pediatric patients, 213–215
Dronedarone, 123
Drug-induced kidney disease (DIKD), 8
Echinocandins, 51–52
Edoxaban, 128–129
Elderly, renal function in the, 5
Emtricitabine, 56–57, 63t
Enalaprilat, 105
Endogenous drug clearance, 11
Endothelin receptor antagonists, 135–136, 151t
End-stage renal disease (ESRD), 1
effect of psychiatric illness on, 172
managing pain syndromes associated with, 197
Enoxaparin, 125–126, 126t
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 271
Eplerenone, 103–104
Epoprostenol, 137
Eptifibatide, 135
Erlotinib, 165t
Ertapenem, 27, 46t
Erythropoietin stimulating agents, 258, 258t
Eslicarbazepine, 89, 98t
Esmolol, 110–111
Estimation of renal function, 2–3
overview of, 3–5
in pediatric patients, 201–206, 203t
in specific populations, 5
Ethosuximide, 89, 98t
Etoposide, 160, 162t
Everolimus, 236–238
Evolocumab, 149t
Expressed breast milk (EBM), reduced electrolyte, 212–213
Ezetimibe, 119
Factor Xa inhibitors, 126–130, 127t, 150t
Famciclovir, 69, 75t
Felbamate, 89–90, 98t
Felodipine, 108
Fentanyl, 193–194
in special populations, 221t, 222–223
Fibric acid derivatives, 118–119, 148t
First-generation (typical) antipsychotics, 178
Fish oil, 148t
Flecainide, 121–122
Fluconazole, 49–50, 55t
Flucytosine (5-FC), 52–53, 56t
Fluoroquinolones, 33–36
Fluphenazine, 178
Folate antagonists, 37–38
Fondaparinu, 129
Foscarnet, 71–72, 75t
Fosfomycin tromethamine, 40–41, 48t
Furosemide, 102
Gabapentin, 191t, 195–196
Ganciclovir, 69–70, 75t
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 270
Gefitinib, 165t
Gemcitabine, 162t
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, 171
Gentamicin, 15–17, 43t
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 269
Glimepiride, 255–256
Glipizide, 255–256
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated, 1–5
in pediatric patients, 201–206, 203t
“true,” 2
tumor lysis syndrome and, 153
Glucagon-like peptide 1, 253–254
Glucocorticoids, 196
Glyburide, 255–256
Glycopeptide, 28
Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitors, 135, 151t
Headache, dialysis, 197
Heparin, 124, 149t
in pediatric patients, 214
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 271–272
Hepatic-focused antiviral agents, 65–67, 67t
ribavirin, 66–67
sofosbuvir, 65–66
sofosbuvir/ledipasvir, 66
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, 117–118
Hydralazine, 111
Hydromorphone, 193
in special populations, 221t, 222
Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), 30
Hydroxyzine, 177
Hyperparathyroidism, secondary, 259–261, 260t
Hyperphosphatemia, 259
Hypertension, 1
Hypertonic saline, 221t, 228
Hypomethylating agents, 163
Ibrutinib, 165t
Ibuprofen, 192
Ibutilide, 123
Idarubicin, 161, 162t
Idelalisib, 165t
Ifosfamide, 158, 162t
Iloperidone, 179
Iloprost, 137
Imatinib, 165t
Imipenem/cilastatin, 25, 46t
Immunoglobulin, intravenous, 239–240
Immunomodulating agents, 239–241
Immunosuppression induction, 229–230, 234t
maintenance, 230–239, 234–235t, 234t
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 275, 284–285t
Immunotherapy, 166
Indomethacin, 192
Induction immunosuppression, 229–230, 234t
Inotropic agents, 113–115, 114t, 149t
Insulin, 254
Intermittent hemodialysis (IHD), 8–9, 10
in pediatric patients, 208, 211
Intermittent renal replacement therapy (IRRT), 8
Intracranial pressure-lowering agents, 221t, 228–229
Intravenous immunoglobulin, 239–240
Isavuconazole, 49, 55t
Isosorbide dinitrate, 111–112
Isosorbide mononitrate, 111–112
Ivabradine, 116–117
Ketamine, 221t, 223
Ketoprofen, 190, 191t
Ketorolac, 190, 191t
Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), 6, 6t, 7, 7t, 201
Kinase inhibitors (KIs), 164, 165–166t
Klebsiella pneumonia, 24
Lacosamide, 90, 98t
Lamivudine, 60–61, 63t
Lamivudine/zidovudine, 64t
Lamotrigine, 90, 98t, 180–181
Lapatinib, 165t
Lenvatinib, 165t
Levetiracetam, 90–91, 98t
Levofloxacin, 34–35, 47t
LF-AmBa, 56t
Lidocaine, 121
for pain management, 196
Linagliptin, 251
Lipid-lowering agents, 117–120, 148t
Lipoglycopeptides, 30–32
Lithium, 179–180
Loop diuretics, 102
Lorazepam, 221t, 224
Macitentan, 136
Macrolides, 36–37
Maintenance immunosuppression, 230–239, 234–235t, 234t
Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, 236–238
Mannitol, 221t, 228–229
Medication clearance, renal, 1–2
Medication considerations during renal replacement therapy (RRT), 10–12
Meglitinides, 254–255
Meloxicam, 190, 191t
Meperidine, 191t
in special populations, 221t, 223
Meropenem, 26–27, 46t
in pediatric patients, 215
Meropenem-vaborbactam, 26–27, 46t
Metformin, 250–251
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 276
Methadone, 193–194
Methotrexate, 159, 162t
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 274
Methylprednisolone, 238–239
Mexiletine, 121
Micafungin, 51–52, 56t
Midazolam in pediatric patients, 214, 225
in special populations, 221t
Milrinone, 115
Mineral and bone disorder, 258–261, 260t
Mirtazapine, 172, 175
Mitomycin, 158, 162t
Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), 3–4
Molecular weight and protein binding in drug elimination, 11
Monitoring, opioid use, 194–195
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), 172–173, 176, 183t
Monobactam, 27–30
Monoclonal antibodies, 120, 163–164
Mood stabilizers, 179–181, 185t
Morphine, 193
in pediatric patients, 214
in special populations, 219, 221t, 222
Multimodal analgesia, 195–197
Muscle relaxants, 196–197
Mycophenolic acid derivatives, 233, 235–236
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 275
Nalbuphine, 191t, 194
Naproxen, 192
Natalizumab, 274
Nateglinide, 254–255
National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI), 6, 6t
pediatric patients and, 207
Nefazodone, 175
Nesiritide, 112
Neuromuscular blockers, 221t, 226–227
Nicardipine, 108
Nicotinic acid, 119, 148t
Nifedipine, 108
Nilotinib, 165t
Nimodipine, 109
Niraparib, 165t
Nitrofurantoin, 41–42, 48t
Nitroglycerin, 112–113
Non-dihydropyridine CCBs, 109, 147t
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 190–193, 191t
Obese patients, renal function in, 5
Olanzapine, 178–179
Olaparib, 165t
Omega-3 fatty acid derivatives, 119
Oncology, 153 see also Chemotherapy agents
Opioids, 193–195
Oral kinase inhibitors, 164, 165–166t
Organophosphates, 277
Organ transplantation, 229–242
anti-infective prophylaxis in, 242
immunomodulating agents with, 239–241
induction immunosuppression and, 229–230
maintenance immunosuppression and, 230–239, 234–235t
Oritavancin, 31–32, 47t
Oseltamivir, 72–73, 75t
Osimertinib, 165t
Oxaliplatin, 156–157, 162t
Oxcarbazepine, 180–181
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 272
Oxycarbazepine, 91, 98t
Oxymorphone, 193
P2Y12 inhibitors, 134–135, 150t
Pain medications acetaminophen, 192–193
general approach to, 189–190
multimodal analgesia and adjuvant therapies, 195–197
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 190–193, 191t
opioids, 193–195
for pain syndromes associated with ESRD, 197
Palbociclib, 165t
Paralytics in pediatric patients, 214–215
Patient Health Questionnaire-9, 171
Pazopanib, 165t
PCSK9 inhibitors, 120
Pediatric patients, 201–216 see also Special populations
acute kidney injury in, 206–207, 207t
age classification of, 201t
chronic kidney disease in, 207–208
estimating renal function in, 201–206, 203t
medication dosing guide for, 213–215
preparation of reduced electrolyte feedings for, 212–213
renal replacement therapy in, 208–212
Pemetrexed, 159, 162t
Penicillin G, 17, 43t
Penicillins, 17–19
Penicillin VK, 17, 43t
Pentazocine, 194
Peramivir, 73, 76t
Perampanel, 91, 99t
Peritoneal dialysis (PD), 9
in pediatric patients, 211–212
Phenobarbital, 91–92, 99t
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 273
Phenylpiperidines, 193–194
Phenytoin, 92, 99t
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 273
Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, 136, 151t
Pioglitazone, 256
Piperacillin/tazobactam, 18–19, 44t
Piroxicam, 192
Platinum containing chemotherapy agents, 155–157
Polymyxin B, 40, 48t
Polymyxin derivatives, 38–40
Ponatinib, 165t
Posaconazole, 50–51, 55t
Potassium-sparing diuretics, 103
Pramlintide, 250
Prednisone, 238–239
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 277
Pregabalin, 191t, 195–196
Primidone, 92–93, 99t
Procainamide, 121
Prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy (PIRRT), 8–9
Propafenone, 122
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 267
Propofol, 221t, 225–226
Propranolol, 267
Prostacyclin analogues, 137, 151t
Prostacyclin receptor agonists, 137, 151t
Psychiatric agents, 171–185
antidepressants, 172–176
antipsychotics, 178–179
anxiolytics, 176–177
mood stabilizers, 179–181
selection of and intent of therapy with, 172
Psychiatric illnesses challenge of treating, 171
differential diagnosis between chronic kidney disease and, 172
effects on chronic kidney disease, 172
Pulmonary arterial hypertensive agents, 135–137, 151t
Quinidine, 121
Quinine, 267
Ranolazine, 115–116
Reduced electrolyte feedings in pediatric patients, 212–213
Regorafenib, 165t
Remifentanil, 221t, 223
Renal function in acute kidney injury, 7–8, 7t
cirrhosis and, 5
clearance of medications, 1–2
in drug-induced kidney disease (DIKD), 8
in the elderly, 5
estimation in specific populations, 5
estimation of, 2–3
mechanism of solute clearance and, 9–10, 9f
in obese patients, 5
overview of calculations for estimation of, 3–5
in pediatric patients, 201–206, 203t
renal replacement therapy (RRT) for, 8–12
Renal replacement therapy (RRT), 8–9
dialyzers in, 10
dose of dialysis in, 10
mechanism of solute clearance in, 9–10, 9f
medication considerations during, 10–12
in pediatric patients, 208–212
Repaglinide, 254–255
Ribavirin, 66–67, 67t
Ribociclib, 165t
Rilpivirine, 58, 63t
Riociguat, 136–137
Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-Stage (RIFLE) model, 7
in pediatric patients, 206–207, 207t
Risperidone, 178–179
Rituximab, 164, 240–241
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 274
Rivaroxaban, 129–130
Rocuronium, 221t, 226–227
Rosiglitazone, 256
Rufinamide, 93, 99t
Ruxolitinib, 165t
Sacubitril/valsartan, 116
Saturation coefficient (SA), 11
Saxagliptin, 251
Schwartz equation, 202–203
Secondary hyperparathyroidism, 259–261, 260t
Second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics, 178–179
Sedatives in pediatric patients, 214–215
in special populations, 221–222t, 223–226
Selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), 172, 173–174, 182t
for pain management, 196
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 172, 173, 182t
for pain management, 196
Selexipag, 137
Serotonin modulators, 175
Serum creatinine (SCr), 1
in the elderly, 5
Sieving coefficient (SC), 11
Sildenafil, 136
Sirolimus, 236–238
Sitagliptin, 251
Slow/sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED), 8
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, 255
Sodium nitroprusside, 113
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS), 212–213
Sofosbuvir, 65–66, 67t
Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir, 66, 67t
Solid organ transplantation (SOT). seeOrgan transplantation
Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, 136–137, 151t
Solute clearance mechanism, 9–10, 9f
Sorafenib, 166t
Sotalol, 123–124
Special populations, 5 see also Pediatric patients
analgesic medications in, 219–223
anti-infective prophylaxis in, 242
critical care for, 219–229, 220–221t
immunomodulating agents in, 239–241
intracranial pressure-lowering agents in, 228–229
neuromuscular blocking agents in, 226–227
sedative medications in, 223–226
solid organ transplantation in, 229–242, 234–235t
vasopressors in, 227–228
Spironolactone, 104
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, 28
STAR*D trial, 171
Statins, 117–118, 148t
Sulfonylureas, 255–256
Sulindac, 192
Sunitinib, 166t
Supportive therapy in chemotherapy, 166, 167–168t
Tacrolimus, 230–232
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 275
Tadalafil, 136
Tapentadol, 191t, 194
Telavancin, 30–31, 47t
Tenofovir alafenamide, 63t
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, 57–58, 63t
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine/elvitegravir/cobicistat, 59–60, 63–64t
Theophylline, 277
Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), 265–278, 282–285t
additional agents and, 276–278
additional anti-infective agents and d, 270–271
antiarrhythmic agents and, 266–268
antibiotic agents and, 268–270
anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents and, 271–272
antiepileptic agents and, 272–273
chemotherapeutic agents and, 274–275
defined, 265
immunosuppressive agents and, 275
therapeutic considerations in, 265–266
Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics, 101–102
Thiazolidinediones, 256
Thioridazine, 178
Thiothixene, 178
Thyroxine, 277
Tiagabine, 93, 99t
Ticagrelor, 134–135
Tirofiban, 135
Tizanidine, 191t, 196
Tobramycin, 15–17, 43t
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 269
Topiramate, 93, 99t
Topoisomerase inhibitors, 160–161
Topotecan, 161, 162t
Train-of-four assessment, 227
Tramadol, 191t, 194
Trametinib, 166t
Transplantation, organ. seeOrgan transplantation
Trazodone, 175
Treprostinil, 137
Triamterene, 103
Triazoles, 49–51
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), 172–173, 175–176, 182–183t
for pain management, 196
Trifluoperazine, 178
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), 37–38, 48t
Tumor lysis syndrome, 153
Unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparins, 124–126, 126t
in pediatric patients, 214
Valacyclovir, 68–69, 75t
Valganciclovir, 70–71, 75t
Valproate, 180–181
Valproic acid, 94, 99t, 180–181
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 273
Vancomycin, 28–30, 47t
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 269
Vandetanib, 166t
Vasodilators, 111–113, 148t
Vasopressors, 221t, 227–228
Vecuronium, 215, 221t, 227
Vemurafenib, 166t
Verapamil, 109
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 267–268
Vigabatrin, 94, 99t
Vilazodone, 175
Vincristine, 274–275
Vitamin K antagonist, 133
Volume of distribution of drug, 11
Voriconazole, 50–51, 55t
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 270–271
Vortioxetine, 175
Warfarin, 133, 150t
therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 272
Zidovudine, 61–62, 63t
Ziprasidone, 179
Zonisamide, 94–95, 99t