Index

A

Abacavir/cobicistat, 64t

Abciximab, 135

Acarbose, 250

Acetaminophen, 191t, 192–193

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 276

Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) workgroup, 7

Acute kidney injury (AKI), 2, 7–8, 7t

critical care for special populations with, 219–229, 220–221t

in pediatric patients, 206–207, 207t

Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN), 7

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN), 8

Acyclovir, 67–68, 75t

in pediatric patients, 215

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 270

Aldosterone antagonists, 146t

Aldosterone receptor antagonists, 103–104

Alirocumab, 149t

Aliskiren direct renin inhibitor, 106

Alkylating agents, 157–158

Alogliptin, 251

Alpha blockers, 106–107, 147t

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, 250

Ambrisentan, 136

Amikacin, 15–17, 43t

Amiloride, 103

Aminoglycosides, 15–17

Amiodarone, 122

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 266

Amitriptyline, 276

Amlodipine, 107

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 276

Amoxicillin, 18, 44t

Amoxicillin/clavulanate, 18, 44t

Amphotericin B, 53–54, 56t

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 270

Ampicillin, 17–18, 43t

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 268

Ampicillin/sulbactam, 17–18, 44t

Amylin analogue, 250

Analgesia in critical care for special populations, 219–223, 220–221t

multimodal, 195–197

in pediatric patients, 214–215

Anemia, 1, 256–258, 257t, 258t

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), 104–105, 146t

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), 105–106, 146–147t

Anidulafungin, 51–52, 55t

Antiarrhythmic agents, 120–124, 149t

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 266–268, 282t

Antibacterial agents, 15–42, 43–48t

aminoglycosides, 15–17

carbapenems, 25–27

cephalosporins, 19–24

cyclic lipopeptide, 32–33

fluoroquinolones, 33–36

folate antagonists, 37–38

fosfomycin tromethamine, 40–41

lipoglycopeptides, 30–32

macrolides, 36–37

miscellaneous, 40–42

monobactam, 27–30

nitrofurantoin, 41–42

in pediatric patients, 215

penicillins, 17–19

polymyxin derivatives, 38–40

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 268–270, 282–283t

Antibiotics. seeAntibacterial agents

Anticoagulants, 124–135, 149t

antiplatelet agents, 133–134

direct thrombin inhibitors, 130–132, 131t, 132t

factor Xa inhibitors, 126–130, 127t

glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitors, 135

P2Y12 inhibitors, 134–135

in pediatric patients, 214

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 271–272, 283t

unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparins, 124–126, 126t

vitamin K antagonist, 133

Antidepressants, 172–176, 182–183t, 182t

Antiepileptic agents, 87–99

brivaracetam, 87

carbamazepine, 88

clobazam, 88–89

eslicarbazepine, 89

ethosuximide, 89

felbamate, 89–90

lacosamide, 90

lamotrigine, 90

levetiracetam, 90–91

oxycarbazepine, 91

for pain management, 196

perampanel, 91

phenobarbital, 91–92

phenytoin, 92

primidone, 92–93

renal toxicities induced by, 88t

rufinamide, 93

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 272–273, 284t

tiagabine, 93

topiramate, 93

valproic acid, 94

vigabatrin, 94

zonisamide, 94–95

Antifungal agents, 49–54, 55–56t

amphotericin B, 53–54

echinocandins, 51–52

triazoles, 49–51

Antihypertensives, 146t

Anti-infective agents, 15–74

antibacterial, 15–42, 43–48t, 268–270

antifungal agents, 49–54, 55–56t

antiretroviral agents, 56–62, 63–64t

antiviral agents, 67–73, 75–76t

defined, 15

hepatic-focused antiviral agents, 65–67, 67t

in pediatric patients, 215

in special populations, 242

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 268–271, 282–283t

Antimetabolites, 158–160, 232–236, 234–235t

Antimicrobials in pediatric patients, 215

Antiplatelet agents, 133–134, 150t

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 271–272, 283t

Antipsychotics, 178–179, 184–185t

Antiretroviral agents, 56–62, 63–64t

atazanavir, 60

cobicistat, 58–59

dolutegravir, 62

emtricitabine, 56–57

lamivudine, 60–61

rilpivirine, 58

tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, 57–58

tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine/elvitegravir/cobicistat, 59–60

zidovudine, 61–62

Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) therapy, 230

Antiviral agents, 67–73, 75–76t

acyclovir, 67–68

famciclovir, 69

foscarnet, 71–72

ganciclovir, 69–70

oseltamivir, 72–73

peramivir, 73

valacyclovir, 68–69

valganciclovir, 70–71

Anxiolytics, 176–177, 183–184t

Apheresis, 265, 278 see also Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE)

Apixaban, 126–127

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 271

Argatroban, 130

Aripiprazole, 178–179

Asenapine, 178–179

Aspirin, 133–134

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 271

Atazanavir, 60, 63t

Axitinib, 165t

Azacitidin, 163

Azacitidine, 162t

Azathioprine, 232–233

Aztreonam, 27–28, 46t

B

Baclofen, 191t, 196

Basiliximab, 230

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 275

Bedside Schwartz equation, 203

Belatacept, 239

Bendamustine, 158, 162t

Benzodiazepines, 176–177

in special populations, 224–225

Beta blockers, 110–111, 147t

Betrixaban, 128

Biguanides, 250–251

Bile acid sequestrants/bile acid-binding resins, 120, 148t

Bivalirudin, 130–131, 131t

Bleomycin, 161–163, 162t

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 9

Bortezomib, 241

Bosentan, 136

Bosutinib, 165t

Brigatinib, 165t

Brivaracetam, 87, 98t

Buprenorphine, 191t, 194

Bupropion, 172, 174

Buspirone, 177

Butorphanol, 191t, 194

C

Cabozantinib, 165t

Cabozatinib, 165t

Calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA), 197

Calcineurin inhibitors, 230–232

Calcium channel blockers (CCBs), 107–109, 147t

Capecitabine, 159–160, 162t

Capsaicin, 196

Carbamazepine, 88, 98t, 180–181

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 272

Carbapenems, 25–27

Carboplatin, 155–156

Cardiovascular disease medications, 101–151

aldosterone receptor antagonists, 103–104

aliskiren direct renin inhibitor, 106

alpha blockers, 106–107

angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, 104–105

angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), 105–106

antiarrhythmic agents, 120–124

anticoagulants, 124–135

beta blockers, 110–111

calcium channel blockers, 107–109

inotropic agents, 113–115, 114t

lipid-lowering agents, 117–120

loop diuretics, 102

miscellaneous agents, 115–117

potassium-sparing diuretics, 103

pulmonary arterial hypertensive agents, 135–137

thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics, 101–102

vasodilators, 111–113

Carvedilol, 266

Caspofungin, 51–52, 56t

Cefazolin, 20, 44t

in pediatric patients, 215

Cefdinir, 21, 45t

Cefepime, 22–23, 45t

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 268

Cefotaxime, 21–22

Cefpodoxime, 45t

Cefpodoxime proxetil, 21

Ceftaroline, 45t

Ceftaroline fosamil, 23

Ceftazidime, 22, 45t

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 268

Ceftazidime/avibactam, 24, 45t

Ceftolozane/tazobactam, 24, 45t

Ceftriaxone, 268–269

Cefuroxime axetil, 21, 45t

Cefuroxime sodium, 21, 44t

Cephalexin, 20, 44t

Cephalosporins, 19–24

Ceritinib, 165t

Chemotherapy agents, 153–166, 167–168t

alkylating, 157–158

antimetabolites, 158–160

hypomethylating, 163

immunotherapy, 166

maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in, 153

miscellaneous cytotoxic agents, 161–163, 162t

monoclonal antibodies, 163–164

oral kinase inhibitors, 164, 165–166t

platinum containing agents, 155–157

selection of and intent of therapy with, 154

supportive therapy for, 166, 167–168t

therapeutic considerations in oncology and, 153–154

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 274–275, 284t

topoisomerase inhibitors, 160–161

CHEST Guideline for Antithrombotic Therapy for Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Disease, 124

Cholesterol absorption inhibitor, 119, 148t

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) anemia and, 256–258, 257t, 258t

diabetes mellitus (DM) and, 249–256, 252–253t

differential diagnosis between psychiatric illness and, 172

effect of psychiatric illness on, 172

mineral and bone disorder associated with, 258–261, 260t

overview of, 5–7, 6t

pain with, 189–190

in pediatric patients, 207–208

prevalence of, 1

Chronic kidney disease-epidemiology collaborative (CKD-EPI), 4–5

Ciprofloxacin, 33–34, 47t

Cirrhosis, 5

Cisatracurium, 221t, 227

Cisplatin, 155, 162t

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 274

Clarithromycin, 36–37, 47t

Class 1A antiarrhythmic agents, 120–121, 149t

Class 1B antiarrhythmic agents, 121, 149t

Class 1C antiarrhythmic agents, 121–122, 149t

Class III antiarrhythmic agents, 122–124, 149t

Clevidipine, 107

Clobazam, 88–89, 98t

Clonidine, 117

Clopidogrel, 134

Clozapine, 179

Cobicistat, 58–59, 63t

Cockcroft-Gault (CG) formula, 3

Colistin, 38–40, 48t

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), 8–9, 10

in pediatric patients, 208–211

Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF), 9

Continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD), 9

Continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH), 9

Corticosteroids, 238–239

Creatinine clearance (CrCl), 1

Cockcroft-Gault (CG) formula and, 3

Critical care for special populations, 219–229, 220–221t

analgesic medications in, 219–223, 220–221t

Crizotinib, 165t

Cyclic lipopeptide, 32–33

Cyclophosphamide, 157, 162t

Cyclosporine, 230–232

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 275

Cystatin C, 3

in pediatric patients, 202

Cytochrome P450 activity, 7

D

Dabigatran etexilate mesylate, 131–132, 132t

Dabrafenib, 165t

Dacarbazine, 158, 162t

Dalbavancin, 31, 47t

Dalteparin, 125

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 271

Dantrolene, 196–197

Dapsone, 270

Daptomycin, 32–33, 47t

Darunavir/cobicistat, 64t

Dasatinib, 165t

Daunorubicin, 161, 162t

Decitabine, 163

Deferasirox, 276

Delafloxacin, 35–36, 47t

Denosumab, 164

Dexmedetomidine, 221t, 226

Dextromethorphan, 194

Diabetes mellitus (DM), 1

general approach to, 249–250

medication management of, 250–256, 252–253t

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), 172

Dialysis headache, 197

Dialyzers, 10

Diazepam, 197, 224

in special populations, 221t

Diclofenac, 192

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 276

Diet modifications in renal disease, 3–4

Digoxin, 266–267

Dihydropyridine (DHP) CCBs, 107–109, 147t

Diltiazem, 109

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, 251, 253

Direct renin inhibitor, 147t

Direct thrombin inhibitors, 130–132, 131t, 132t, 150t

Disopyramide, 120–121

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 267

Diuretics, 146t

Divalproex, 180–181

Dobutamine, 114–115

Dofetilide, 122–123

Dolutegravir, 62, 63t

Doripenem, 25–26, 46t

Dosing in dialysis, 10

in pediatric patients, 213–215

Dronedarone, 123

Drug-induced kidney disease (DIKD), 8

E

Echinocandins, 51–52

Edoxaban, 128–129

Elderly, renal function in the, 5

Emtricitabine, 56–57, 63t

Enalaprilat, 105

Endogenous drug clearance, 11

Endothelin receptor antagonists, 135–136, 151t

End-stage renal disease (ESRD), 1

effect of psychiatric illness on, 172

managing pain syndromes associated with, 197

Enoxaparin, 125–126, 126t

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 271

Eplerenone, 103–104

Epoprostenol, 137

Eptifibatide, 135

Erlotinib, 165t

Ertapenem, 27, 46t

Erythropoietin stimulating agents, 258, 258t

Eslicarbazepine, 89, 98t

Esmolol, 110–111

Estimation of renal function, 2–3

overview of, 3–5

in pediatric patients, 201–206, 203t

in specific populations, 5

Ethosuximide, 89, 98t

Etoposide, 160, 162t

Everolimus, 236–238

Evolocumab, 149t

Expressed breast milk (EBM), reduced electrolyte, 212–213

Ezetimibe, 119

F

Factor Xa inhibitors, 126–130, 127t, 150t

Famciclovir, 69, 75t

Felbamate, 89–90, 98t

Felodipine, 108

Fentanyl, 193–194

in special populations, 221t, 222–223

Fibric acid derivatives, 118–119, 148t

First-generation (typical) antipsychotics, 178

Fish oil, 148t

Flecainide, 121–122

Fluconazole, 49–50, 55t

Flucytosine (5-FC), 52–53, 56t

Fluoroquinolones, 33–36

Fluphenazine, 178

Folate antagonists, 37–38

Fondaparinu, 129

Foscarnet, 71–72, 75t

Fosfomycin tromethamine, 40–41, 48t

Furosemide, 102

G

Gabapentin, 191t, 195–196

Ganciclovir, 69–70, 75t

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 270

Gefitinib, 165t

Gemcitabine, 162t

Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, 171

Gentamicin, 15–17, 43t

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 269

Glimepiride, 255–256

Glipizide, 255–256

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated, 1–5

in pediatric patients, 201–206, 203t

“true,” 2

tumor lysis syndrome and, 153

Glucagon-like peptide 1, 253–254

Glucocorticoids, 196

Glyburide, 255–256

Glycopeptide, 28

Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitors, 135, 151t

H

Headache, dialysis, 197

Heparin, 124, 149t

in pediatric patients, 214

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 271–272

Hepatic-focused antiviral agents, 65–67, 67t

ribavirin, 66–67

sofosbuvir, 65–66

sofosbuvir/ledipasvir, 66

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, 117–118

Hydralazine, 111

Hydromorphone, 193

in special populations, 221t, 222

Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), 30

Hydroxyzine, 177

Hyperparathyroidism, secondary, 259–261, 260t

Hyperphosphatemia, 259

Hypertension, 1

Hypertonic saline, 221t, 228

Hypomethylating agents, 163

I

Ibrutinib, 165t

Ibuprofen, 192

Ibutilide, 123

Idarubicin, 161, 162t

Idelalisib, 165t

Ifosfamide, 158, 162t

Iloperidone, 179

Iloprost, 137

Imatinib, 165t

Imipenem/cilastatin, 25, 46t

Immunoglobulin, intravenous, 239–240

Immunomodulating agents, 239–241

Immunosuppression induction, 229–230, 234t

maintenance, 230–239, 234–235t, 234t

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 275, 284–285t

Immunotherapy, 166

Indomethacin, 192

Induction immunosuppression, 229–230, 234t

Inotropic agents, 113–115, 114t, 149t

Insulin, 254

Intermittent hemodialysis (IHD), 8–9, 10

in pediatric patients, 208, 211

Intermittent renal replacement therapy (IRRT), 8

Intracranial pressure-lowering agents, 221t, 228–229

Intravenous immunoglobulin, 239–240

Isavuconazole, 49, 55t

Isosorbide dinitrate, 111–112

Isosorbide mononitrate, 111–112

Ivabradine, 116–117

K

Ketamine, 221t, 223

Ketoprofen, 190, 191t

Ketorolac, 190, 191t

Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), 6, 6t, 7, 7t, 201

Kinase inhibitors (KIs), 164, 165–166t

Klebsiella pneumonia, 24

L

Lacosamide, 90, 98t

Lamivudine, 60–61, 63t

Lamivudine/zidovudine, 64t

Lamotrigine, 90, 98t, 180–181

Lapatinib, 165t

Lenvatinib, 165t

Levetiracetam, 90–91, 98t

Levofloxacin, 34–35, 47t

LF-AmBa, 56t

Lidocaine, 121

for pain management, 196

Linagliptin, 251

Lipid-lowering agents, 117–120, 148t

Lipoglycopeptides, 30–32

Lithium, 179–180

Loop diuretics, 102

Lorazepam, 221t, 224

M

Macitentan, 136

Macrolides, 36–37

Maintenance immunosuppression, 230–239, 234–235t, 234t

Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, 236–238

Mannitol, 221t, 228–229

Medication clearance, renal, 1–2

Medication considerations during renal replacement therapy (RRT), 10–12

Meglitinides, 254–255

Meloxicam, 190, 191t

Meperidine, 191t

in special populations, 221t, 223

Meropenem, 26–27, 46t

in pediatric patients, 215

Meropenem-vaborbactam, 26–27, 46t

Metformin, 250–251

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 276

Methadone, 193–194

Methotrexate, 159, 162t

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 274

Methylprednisolone, 238–239

Mexiletine, 121

Micafungin, 51–52, 56t

Midazolam in pediatric patients, 214, 225

in special populations, 221t

Milrinone, 115

Mineral and bone disorder, 258–261, 260t

Mirtazapine, 172, 175

Mitomycin, 158, 162t

Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), 3–4

Molecular weight and protein binding in drug elimination, 11

Monitoring, opioid use, 194–195

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), 172–173, 176, 183t

Monobactam, 27–30

Monoclonal antibodies, 120, 163–164

Mood stabilizers, 179–181, 185t

Morphine, 193

in pediatric patients, 214

in special populations, 219, 221t, 222

Multimodal analgesia, 195–197

Muscle relaxants, 196–197

Mycophenolic acid derivatives, 233, 235–236

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 275

N

Nalbuphine, 191t, 194

Naproxen, 192

Natalizumab, 274

Nateglinide, 254–255

National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI), 6, 6t

pediatric patients and, 207

Nefazodone, 175

Nesiritide, 112

Neuromuscular blockers, 221t, 226–227

Nicardipine, 108

Nicotinic acid, 119, 148t

Nifedipine, 108

Nilotinib, 165t

Nimodipine, 109

Niraparib, 165t

Nitrofurantoin, 41–42, 48t

Nitroglycerin, 112–113

Non-dihydropyridine CCBs, 109, 147t

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 190–193, 191t

O

Obese patients, renal function in, 5

Olanzapine, 178–179

Olaparib, 165t

Omega-3 fatty acid derivatives, 119

Oncology, 153 see also Chemotherapy agents

Opioids, 193–195

Oral kinase inhibitors, 164, 165–166t

Organophosphates, 277

Organ transplantation, 229–242

anti-infective prophylaxis in, 242

immunomodulating agents with, 239–241

induction immunosuppression and, 229–230

maintenance immunosuppression and, 230–239, 234–235t

Oritavancin, 31–32, 47t

Oseltamivir, 72–73, 75t

Osimertinib, 165t

Oxaliplatin, 156–157, 162t

Oxcarbazepine, 180–181

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 272

Oxycarbazepine, 91, 98t

Oxymorphone, 193

P

P2Y12 inhibitors, 134–135, 150t

Pain medications acetaminophen, 192–193

general approach to, 189–190

multimodal analgesia and adjuvant therapies, 195–197

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 190–193, 191t

opioids, 193–195

for pain syndromes associated with ESRD, 197

Palbociclib, 165t

Paralytics in pediatric patients, 214–215

Patient Health Questionnaire-9, 171

Pazopanib, 165t

PCSK9 inhibitors, 120

Pediatric patients, 201–216 see also Special populations

acute kidney injury in, 206–207, 207t

age classification of, 201t

chronic kidney disease in, 207–208

estimating renal function in, 201–206, 203t

medication dosing guide for, 213–215

preparation of reduced electrolyte feedings for, 212–213

renal replacement therapy in, 208–212

Pemetrexed, 159, 162t

Penicillin G, 17, 43t

Penicillins, 17–19

Penicillin VK, 17, 43t

Pentazocine, 194

Peramivir, 73, 76t

Perampanel, 91, 99t

Peritoneal dialysis (PD), 9

in pediatric patients, 211–212

Phenobarbital, 91–92, 99t

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 273

Phenylpiperidines, 193–194

Phenytoin, 92, 99t

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 273

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, 136, 151t

Pioglitazone, 256

Piperacillin/tazobactam, 18–19, 44t

Piroxicam, 192

Platinum containing chemotherapy agents, 155–157

Polymyxin B, 40, 48t

Polymyxin derivatives, 38–40

Ponatinib, 165t

Posaconazole, 50–51, 55t

Potassium-sparing diuretics, 103

Pramlintide, 250

Prednisone, 238–239

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 277

Pregabalin, 191t, 195–196

Primidone, 92–93, 99t

Procainamide, 121

Prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy (PIRRT), 8–9

Propafenone, 122

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 267

Propofol, 221t, 225–226

Propranolol, 267

Prostacyclin analogues, 137, 151t

Prostacyclin receptor agonists, 137, 151t

Psychiatric agents, 171–185

antidepressants, 172–176

antipsychotics, 178–179

anxiolytics, 176–177

mood stabilizers, 179–181

selection of and intent of therapy with, 172

Psychiatric illnesses challenge of treating, 171

differential diagnosis between chronic kidney disease and, 172

effects on chronic kidney disease, 172

Pulmonary arterial hypertensive agents, 135–137, 151t

Q

Quinidine, 121

Quinine, 267

R

Ranolazine, 115–116

Reduced electrolyte feedings in pediatric patients, 212–213

Regorafenib, 165t

Remifentanil, 221t, 223

Renal function in acute kidney injury, 7–8, 7t

cirrhosis and, 5

clearance of medications, 1–2

in drug-induced kidney disease (DIKD), 8

in the elderly, 5

estimation in specific populations, 5

estimation of, 2–3

mechanism of solute clearance and, 9–10, 9f

in obese patients, 5

overview of calculations for estimation of, 3–5

in pediatric patients, 201–206, 203t

renal replacement therapy (RRT) for, 8–12

Renal replacement therapy (RRT), 8–9

dialyzers in, 10

dose of dialysis in, 10

mechanism of solute clearance in, 9–10, 9f

medication considerations during, 10–12

in pediatric patients, 208–212

Repaglinide, 254–255

Ribavirin, 66–67, 67t

Ribociclib, 165t

Rilpivirine, 58, 63t

Riociguat, 136–137

Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-Stage (RIFLE) model, 7

in pediatric patients, 206–207, 207t

Risperidone, 178–179

Rituximab, 164, 240–241

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 274

Rivaroxaban, 129–130

Rocuronium, 221t, 226–227

Rosiglitazone, 256

Rufinamide, 93, 99t

Ruxolitinib, 165t

S

Sacubitril/valsartan, 116

Saturation coefficient (SA), 11

Saxagliptin, 251

Schwartz equation, 202–203

Secondary hyperparathyroidism, 259–261, 260t

Second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics, 178–179

Sedatives in pediatric patients, 214–215

in special populations, 221–222t, 223–226

Selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), 172, 173–174, 182t

for pain management, 196

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 172, 173, 182t

for pain management, 196

Selexipag, 137

Serotonin modulators, 175

Serum creatinine (SCr), 1

in the elderly, 5

Sieving coefficient (SC), 11

Sildenafil, 136

Sirolimus, 236–238

Sitagliptin, 251

Slow/sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED), 8

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, 255

Sodium nitroprusside, 113

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS), 212–213

Sofosbuvir, 65–66, 67t

Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir, 66, 67t

Solid organ transplantation (SOT). seeOrgan transplantation

Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, 136–137, 151t

Solute clearance mechanism, 9–10, 9f

Sorafenib, 166t

Sotalol, 123–124

Special populations, 5 see also Pediatric patients

analgesic medications in, 219–223

anti-infective prophylaxis in, 242

critical care for, 219–229, 220–221t

immunomodulating agents in, 239–241

intracranial pressure-lowering agents in, 228–229

neuromuscular blocking agents in, 226–227

sedative medications in, 223–226

solid organ transplantation in, 229–242, 234–235t

vasopressors in, 227–228

Spironolactone, 104

Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, 28

STAR*D trial, 171

Statins, 117–118, 148t

Sulfonylureas, 255–256

Sulindac, 192

Sunitinib, 166t

Supportive therapy in chemotherapy, 166, 167–168t

T

Tacrolimus, 230–232

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 275

Tadalafil, 136

Tapentadol, 191t, 194

Telavancin, 30–31, 47t

Tenofovir alafenamide, 63t

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, 57–58, 63t

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine/elvitegravir/cobicistat, 59–60, 63–64t

Theophylline, 277

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), 265–278, 282–285t

additional agents and, 276–278

additional anti-infective agents and d, 270–271

antiarrhythmic agents and, 266–268

antibiotic agents and, 268–270

anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents and, 271–272

antiepileptic agents and, 272–273

chemotherapeutic agents and, 274–275

defined, 265

immunosuppressive agents and, 275

therapeutic considerations in, 265–266

Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics, 101–102

Thiazolidinediones, 256

Thioridazine, 178

Thiothixene, 178

Thyroxine, 277

Tiagabine, 93, 99t

Ticagrelor, 134–135

Tirofiban, 135

Tizanidine, 191t, 196

Tobramycin, 15–17, 43t

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 269

Topiramate, 93, 99t

Topoisomerase inhibitors, 160–161

Topotecan, 161, 162t

Train-of-four assessment, 227

Tramadol, 191t, 194

Trametinib, 166t

Transplantation, organ. seeOrgan transplantation

Trazodone, 175

Treprostinil, 137

Triamterene, 103

Triazoles, 49–51

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), 172–173, 175–176, 182–183t

for pain management, 196

Trifluoperazine, 178

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), 37–38, 48t

Tumor lysis syndrome, 153

U

Unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparins, 124–126, 126t

in pediatric patients, 214

V

Valacyclovir, 68–69, 75t

Valganciclovir, 70–71, 75t

Valproate, 180–181

Valproic acid, 94, 99t, 180–181

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 273

Vancomycin, 28–30, 47t

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 269

Vandetanib, 166t

Vasodilators, 111–113, 148t

Vasopressors, 221t, 227–228

Vecuronium, 215, 221t, 227

Vemurafenib, 166t

Verapamil, 109

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 267–268

Vigabatrin, 94, 99t

Vilazodone, 175

Vincristine, 274–275

Vitamin K antagonist, 133

Volume of distribution of drug, 11

Voriconazole, 50–51, 55t

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 270–271

Vortioxetine, 175

W

Warfarin, 133, 150t

therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and, 272

Z

Zidovudine, 61–62, 63t

Ziprasidone, 179

Zonisamide, 94–95, 99t